介词短语是加词性短语 英语中怎么区分介词短语是充当状语还是表语

问题:

首先解答你的问题。

断定介词短语是定语还是状语是看乎它修饰什么，不是它本身的性质，修饰名词便是定语，修饰 动词/形容词/副词 便是状语。

在这里 "I am in the school", "in the school" 随着系动词一定是主语补语，主语补语一定是形容词或名词，这里是形容词修饰主语名词，所以"in the school" 一定是定语。

介词短语讨论

介词短语只有两个作用:

1. 修饰语 (Modifier)

2. 名词性词 (Nominal) (Note 1)

当介词短语用作修饰词时，它修饰什么词性时便断定它是表语(Adjectival Phrase)或是状语（Adverbial Phrase), 它不是一出土便是决定了是表语性质或是状语性质的。

看我的语法笔记:

A. 是表语 (Adjectival Phrase)

1. Modifies Noun 修饰名词

a. The restaurant at the beach serves excellent burgers.

(Note: the Prepositional Phrase "at the beach" modifies the Noun “restaurant”and therefore is Adjectival)

b. The girl under the umbrella is with me.

(Note: The first Prepositional Phrase “under the umbrella” modifies the Noun “girl”and therefore is Adjectival, the second Prepositional Phrase "with me" is the Subject Complement of the Linking Verb “is” giving further information to the Noun Subject “girl”and therefore is Adjectival.)

B. 是状语 (Adverbial Phrase)

1. Modifies Verb修饰动词

Jill's present arrived just after her birthday.

(Note: The Prepositional Phrase “after her birthday” modifies the Verb “arrived”and therefore is Adverbial.)

2. Modifies Adjective 修饰形容词

The smog is thick in the early morning.

(Note: The Prepositional Phrase “in the early morning” modifies the Adjective “thick”and therefore is Adverbial.)

3. Modifies Adverb 修饰副词

Carl runs awkwardlyin these shoes.

(Note: The Prepositional Phrase “in these shoes” modifies the Adverb “awkwardly”and therefore is Adverbial.)

Note 1:

作为名词性词时介词短语可以用作主语 (Subject), 宾语 (Object) 或主语补语 (Subject Complement)

介词短语可以用作定语、状语、表语，要根据语言形式和语义来判断。比如：

a boy in the school 定语，意思为：一个在校的男生

A boy is in the school. 表语。意思为：一个男生在学校里。系动词后的都是表语。

We saw a boy in the school. 一般看作状语，表示：我们在学校看见一个男孩。（在学校是看的状语）

也可以理解为定语，表示：（在某个地方）我们看见一个在校男生。

基础的语法知识看一下语法书就可以解决，在语言学习过程中，不必太过于深究某个单词做什么成分，而是要注重单词的搭配、句型和用法知识的学习。

请看下文：

【小学、初中、高中生如何学英语单词丨并不简单】