从单词到句子再到语篇属于什么教学方式

通过单词的可视化学习，我们更直观地体会到词汇在头脑中所构建image的差异，在故事写作中使用specific，vivid words同样可以起到刻画描绘的作用。 

在新单词的造句(超级句子)练习中，我们通过模拟场景setting，再现词汇的使用场景。以whisper“轻声说话”为例：使用的场景是什么？

当你说出秘密时，你可能会轻声说出。当你不想制造噪音的时候，你可能会窃窃私语。

现在让我们看一张 ，上面显示了单词“悄悄话”。（指着窃窃私语的女孩。）这个女孩在告诉男孩一些事情。她在窃窃私语。也许她在讲秘密。也许她不想让其他女孩听到。

对你的朋友悄悄地说“***”。现在小声说吧，像这样。（轻声说“***”）。告诉你的朋友你的秘密。现在小声说吧。对你的朋友说点你的秘密。

看一下下面这张学校阅读作业A-Z Mysteries Book A The Absent Author的插图。 中Josh在对Dink悄悄地说什么?   为什么他们whispered？ 

现在让我们再一起说三遍：whisper，whisper，whisper。

造句中，首先练习的场景(添加时间和地点状语)完成超级句子，然后是通过使用带有逻辑关系词汇排列，写长句。

1. The beetle uses its mouth for cutting, biting, and chewing.

2. Grasshoppers, crickets, and some spiders are good jumpers.

3. Ants, bees, and wasps live in colonies.

4. Caterpillars make cocoons, turn into butterflies, and fly away. 

5. The band played a funny song, then they played a sad song. Then they took a break. After they played a loud song, the concert was over. 

超级句子中词汇排列的逻辑关系，为写作练习作了准备。 

为了便于孩子理解，可以通过英文的故事写作图，对中文故事进行故事写作图分析。 

Character and Setting 人物和背景 

What does your character look like? Where is your character?

你的故事人物是什么样？你的人物在哪里？

Action 

What did your character do? What is your character’s problem?

你的故事人物做了什么？你的故事人物有什么问题？

Conclusion 

What happened last? How does it end?

最后发生了什么？结局是什么样的？

小学一年级《乌鸦喝水》课文

一只乌鸦口渴了,到处找水喝。乌鸦看见一个瓶子,瓶子里有水。可是,瓶子里水不多,瓶口又小,乌鸦喝不着水。怎么办呢? 乌鸦看见旁边有许多小石子,想出办法来了。乌鸦把小石子一个一个地放进瓶子里,瓶子里的水渐渐升高,乌鸦就喝着水了。 

中文版：Character and Setting人物和背景 ：

人物：小乌鸦 

Action 

故事的问题：乌鸦想喝瓶子里的水，可是喝不到。

问题的解决：乌鸦想到一个办法，把石子放进瓶子 

Conclusion 

结尾：乌鸦喝着水了。

The Thirsty Crow Story 

A thirsty crow flew everywhere in search of water. Suddenly, he saw a pitcher on the ground with little water in it. The water level was too low, and the pitcher had a narrow neck, because of which the crow could not drink the water.

Then an idea came to him. He started picking the pebbles scattered near the pitcher and dropping them into it one by one. As pebbles went into the pitcher, the water rose. The crow drank the water happily. 

开头交代时间和地点： 

It was a hot summer day. A crow was very thirsty. 

已经学习G3的学生，开始学习背景描写，人物描写的学生，可以学习将时间状语成分改为一个交代故事背景时间的句子。

On a hot summer day, a thirsty crow flew everywhere in search of water. 

英文版：Character and Setting 人物和背景：

人物：A thirsty crow 

Action 

故事的问题：The crow could not drink the water in the pitcher. 

问题的解决： Then an idea came to him. He dropped pebbles into the pitcher. 

Conclusion 

结尾：The crow drank the water happily.

小学一年级《拔萝卜》课文

中文版：Character and Setting人物和背景 ：

人物：老公公

Action 

故事的问题：老公公拔萝卜，拔不动。

问题的解决：老公公喊老婆婆来帮忙，老婆婆喊小姑娘来帮忙， 

小姑娘喊小狗来帮忙，小狗喊小猫来帮忙

Conclusion 

结尾：终于。。。 

The Story of the Giant Carrot

One day Farmer Smith planted carrot seeds. The next morning,

he looked outside and gasped. He took a gulp of air because he was so surprised. A giant leaf was growing in the garden. He knew what would be attached. Giant leaves are joined to giant carrots! 

Farmer Smith ran outside frantically. He was very, very excited. He jumped up and grabbed the leaf. It was so high, he swung from it! His body waved from side to side. Once his feet were back on the ground, he pulled on the leaf. The giant carrot would not come out.

First, he called to his family for help. The family pulled, but the carrot was too big. Then he asked his neighbors to help. They pulled so hard that they had to stop to breathe. It was hard for them to get enough air. Finally, he called to the dog and cow for help. They all pulled, and at last, the carrot popped out!

The Smith family fed the whole town with the delicious carrot. Everyone said it was the best-tasting carrot they had ever eaten!

英文版：Character and Setting 人物和背景 ：

人物：Farmer Smith

Action 

故事的问题：He pulled the giant carrot, but it would not come out.

问题的解决：He called to his family, his neighbors, the dog and cow.

Conclusion 结局

结尾：At last the carrot popped out!  It was the best-tasting carrot.

故事题目可以采用The + 故事主要人物/故事主要对象+ Story 的模式。

The Story of the Giant Carrot

One day, Farmer Smith walked into his garden and saw a giant carrot. （人物时间地点）He tried to pull it out, but he couldn’t. （问题）So he called his family, his neighbors, the dog, and the cow for help. （解决 action）They all pulled, and at last, the carrot popped out! （结尾）

The Story of My Dirty Dog 

I have a funny dog named Pete. One day, he dug a big hole in the dirt in the garden and got muddy. I tried to give him a bath. He ran away. I tried to catch him, but I couldn't. I called my dad. He helped me catch Pete. We gave Pete a bath together.

Character and Setting 人物和背景

人物：Pete

Action 

故事的问题：Pete dug a hole and got muddy. I tried to give him a bath but he ran away.

问题的解决：My dad helped me. 

Conclusion 结局

结尾：We gave Pete a bath together.

The Story of the Rescued Dog 

Kim rescued a dog that was very sad. She wanted to make the dog happy, so she named her Joy. She bought toys for Joy, but Joy would not play. She gave Joy treats, but Joy would not eat. When she came home she would say, “Come, Joy. How about a hug?” She talked to her on their daily walks. She hugged her every day and rubbed noses with her. It took a while, but soon Joy was wagging her tail all the time. Joy was happy.

Character and Setting 人物和背景：

人物：Kim and rescued dog

Action 

故事的问题：The rescued dog was very sad.

问题的解决：Kim bought her toys and she gave her treats. Kim talked to her and hugged her. 

在超级句子的练习中，是通过使用带有逻辑关系词汇排列，写长句。

1. bought her toys

2. gave her treats 

3. talked to her

4. hugged her

5. rubbed noses with her

我们阅读1至5的罗列，体会，这种通过句子模式表现出来的逻辑关系。 

Conclusion 结局

结尾：The rescued dog was happy.

超级句子练习中，另一项练习就是在句子基础结构(主语+谓语+宾语)加上时间地点状语。 Last summer, my family and I went to a State Park.

在第二阶段的写作练习中，有背景(setting:时间，地点)描写，人物描写

第一阶段 Last summer, my family and I went to a State Park. 

第二阶段 It was a hot summer day. a crow was very thirsty. He flew from one place to another in search of water. But there was not a drop of water anywhere. 

体会状语成分，和单独一个句子的差异。 

状语成分修饰仅仅是一个句子。而单独一个句子则是交代整个故事发生的背景. 对比体会差异。 

Little Raccoon Rescue 

The Story of Racoon Rescue

Last summer, my family and I went to a State Park. We were walking 

along the narrow trail. Waterfalls fell over some of the high rocks. Fuzzy green moss on the edge of the path.(场景描写）Then I heard something strange. 

Inside a garbage can, I found a raccoon. "There is a baby raccoon here!" I yelled. But no one believed what I said. I wanted to help the little raccoon! 

Finally, I persuaded my dad, he looked into the garbage can and saw my little raccoon. Then Dad found a park ranger. She tipped the can over, and the raccoon hurried into the woods. 

开头交代背景：时间，人物，地点。（包括场景描写）

文中讲述问题problem： 发现了raccoon， 别人不相信

问题的解决solution： 爸爸帮忙，护林员帮忙

结局：  The raccoon hurried into the woods. 

在练习基础结构故事写作时，可以写从练习How to 说明文写起。直接按照时间顺序叙述过程。