5个动用法的句子有哪些 请问“使、让”这种动词的句子成分是怎样的呢

借题发挥。轻喷。

我想从动词的及物性（transitivity，或“传导性”）角度切入，试答本题。

及物性，可以类比于细胞分裂中的“端粒”，其“传导”的次数是有限的，比如所谓一元、二元或三元动词。（参：x元y次方程的“元”，或直说“动作参与者”的总数。至于为什么至多“三元”，我想大概出于人作为三维动物的缘故吧。-^-）

动词及物性，是产生诸“句型”的本因。

I love you.

要达成“爱”的动作，需要（且只需要（“我”和“你”。一厢情愿绝不成爱，其他或是第三者。love是一个二元动词。（当然，“我”为“主”，“你”为“宾”，因此，我爱你“雨你无瓜”。试比较于汉语“恩爱”，乃知其在英语中找不见无counterpart。）

而像“使”、“把”这样的“二元动词”，其“传导性”由“主语”传到“宾语”后即“用完”，因此不可再传导到其他的名词。

那么，就形成了：

n1 把 n2怎么样。

n1 使n2怎么样/—成为—n3。

“怎么样”或“成为n3”，只能看作n2的补足语。【补足，即“情况说明”。】这是由“把”“使”本身的及物性属性决定的，即：要形成“把”“使”的动作概念，只需要两个“参与者”，外加一个<“怎么样”或“成为<是>什么”的>“情况说明”。

His homework was left unfinished due to the power cut. 【unfinished作为His homework的“情况说明”，是主补——主语His homework的补足语。】

Do let me down slowly. 【down作为me的“情况说明”，是宾补——宾语ne的补足语。】

Sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.【waiting for so long作为you的“情况说明”，是宾补——宾语you的补足语。】

试比较：

1. call: 点名-叫；命名-把叫作

He called their name.

He called them names.

2. scare：吓；吓（走）

You scared me.

She scared the birds off.

及，3. make: 做；使

She made a snowman.

She made him a fool.

= She made a fool of him.

She made him a snowman.

She made a snowman for him.

He made it a rule not to call anybody names.

题外话：下面说说1. give为代表三元动词。

要达成“给”的动作，需要3个参与者，即：给的人n1，被给的人n2，被给的物n3(须转移)。

n1 give n2 n3. （给的人n1使被给的人n2—拥有—被给的物n3，或，给的人n1使被给的物n3<从n1那里>—转移—到被给的人n2那里。）

n2 be given (by n1) n3. (“给”完后，被给的物n3与被给的人n2“在一起”了。)

n3 be given (by n1) to n2. (to为“物转移”专用介词，指向转移的终点。)

如此，give的“及物性”就“用完了”。

再有名词介入时，另加介词。如：

She gave him 10 yuan for the book.

She offered him another chance at the school gate.

Tom paid Jerry 10 yuan for his cake.

He was gifted the house for his kindness.

She was fined 200 yuan for parking his car at the school gate.

或，2. provide为代表的三元动词。

要达成“供”的动作，需要3个参与者，即：供的人n1，被供的人n2，被供的物n3(须储备)。

Sb1 provide sb2 with sth. (with，用具体事物)

Sb1 provide sth for sb. （for，专为某对象或标的）

如此，“provide”的及物性便用完了。

Could you make me a cup of coffee?

Could you make a cup of coffee for me?

He bought her a big house.

He bought a big house for her.

更多阅读：

1. 所谓不及物动词，vi，即“一元动词”，即其及物性或“传导性”为1。如“生存”，如“死亡”。

He died last year. (die，一元动词，瞬间动词。)

He used to live by the sea. （live，一元动词，持续动词。）

To be, or not to be, that is the question. （be，存在—有动词，静态动词，持续动词。）

He sat amazed. （sat ，一元动词，静态动词；amazed，主语He的“情况说明”。）

2. 所谓“系动词加(名词)表语”，其及物性或“传导性”同1.，“名词表语”作为主语的补足语。

He was a doctor. （a doctor作为主语I的“情况说明”。试比较：“同位”即身份说明：I, as a doctor, know what I should do. = As a doctor, I know what I should do.；英语说明全局口诀：同位说明即身份，补足说明是详情。说明横竖是说名，用副终究不得行。）

He was curious. (curious作为主语He的“情况说明”。)

现在感受一下如下“表白”：

Hello. I am Li Hua. I love you. I will make you happy every day. I will give you my best.

以上，欢迎讨论。